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Why 50% of Murders Go Unsolved: Law Enforcement's Data Problem – Flock Safety CEO Garrett Langley

Summation with Auren Hoffman561 viewsNov 4, 20251:01:2912,298 words
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There is a very accurate although recently politicized narrative [music] on the sophistication of criminals. These groups are very sophisticated and it is a capitalistic activity for them to catch these guys. Like the shortest answer would be they have better technology. They they they're more equipped. They're better funded um than what your local police department probably has access to. Hello fellow data nerds. My guest today is Garrett Langley. Garrett is the CEO and founder of Flock Safety. Flock manufactures hardware like license plate recognition cameras, drones, and video surveillance equipment as well as software used by law enforcement agencies. Earlier this year, Flock raised $275 million and around that value the company at $7.5 billion. Garrett previously co-founded Experience, a live events platform uh acquired by Cox for $200 million. And he's co-founded the car subscription ser startup Clutch. Garrett, welcome to World of DAS. Thanks for having me. It's great to be here. I'm super excited to dive in. Now, what is like data in the data landscape for like law enforcement? Like what's the state of it? Yeah. Uh it's messy and old. So, I mean, I'll give you a good good perspective. Uh and I and I won't name the city because I won't give them too hard of a time, but this is let's call it a top 100 city in terms of population in America. Uh, and as of two years ago, they were running entirely on prim. Yep. And majority on paper. Majority. So imagine you're imagine you're like in the folders like putting it in the file folders. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. So I mean So it's funny. Yeah. But like you would have thought the cloud maybe that's debatable and it's deeply debatable. Like in in a case like Maryland, it was illegal to operate our business in the cloud as of 3 years ago. Illegal. Not not like well not poorly adopted. Illegal. And was it illegal because like they were just kind of technology laggers. Was it illegal because somebody was trying to do some sort of capture? Some sort of other vendor was doing capture like what was the reason why it's illegal? Someone just got around to it? I mean reg regulatory capture is the most articulate answer. I think the gray area definition was there was a lack of clarity on whether or not the cloud or on-prim was safer. Now, I think that's laughable because I think, you know, it's hard to argue that Amazon, Google, Microsoft, pick your cloud provider, like they're going to have the best safety in the world compared to, you know, an IT department at a at a local city. That's just that's really hard to imagine. not not out of hard work just scale you know that can be used and you see all these IT departments that get you know ransomware and other types of things that happen to them at the local level. Yeah. And so so the sense in in the local government side much of the business is much of our customers exhibit most of their data practices on prim. I think the last city to go kind of digital happened a few years ago like I mentioned and that was a major city that was still running on paper and so yeah I mean to give you a sense of scale imagine you call 911 and you want to build a criminal investigation and a detective has to go through filing cabinets. Yeah. Like don't don't even think about AI we get stuff digital first. So it's pretty wild. Yeah. And even even when they do go digital it's not like these data sets are connected like they may have to go to tons of different data sets. They may not know where the data is. They may not have access to all the data uh etc. That is spot on and conflated with the issue that you know criminals don't really respect or think about where cities and counties start and stop. Yep. And so there's no interconnective tissue from city to city, county to county, state to state. Um there's a little bit of work that the FBI tries to do, but that's pretty light and sparse. It's an opt-in system. It's not a required system. And so you wind up, you know, you could have quite a record in San Francisco, but drive three hours south and you're a nobody. You got a clean record. Yeah. And I assume criminals are um, you know, they're it's not like they're making it easy to, you know, not like they're keeping the name the exact same everywhere they go. They've got some sort of obstac to to make these make it a little bit harder to connect these databases, I assume. Right. Yeah. No, I mean, I think the the best way to think about it is we appropriately have this thing called the constitution that limits what we want our government to do. Criminals don't have to care. There's no rules for them. And so, one of kind of the challenges that our customers face on the local government side is uh they have a lot of good rules. they have to follow actually makes our job a lot harder because to your point criminals will change IDs, they'll change aliases, they'll change vehicles, they'll change everything about themselves city to city, but we have to care about things like privacy and surveillance uh as we think about kind of the impact we have on local government. Um, how does I mean like I I've seen even like I I have a lot of friends in law enforcement, married into law enforcement, and I I've seen like where people like get like the tapes from uh like prison or something that they're going through and it was literally a tape recorder like and they're actually pressing on the tape recorder like how far away are we from like you know how how how far are we from like you could you know today you would think you should put all that on the cloud. you should be able to search it for, you know, with text. Um, it should only if they're if they're talking about things that you're not supposed to hear, it should automatically bleep those out, right? Um, like how how far are we from like just the basic tech stuff? Pretty far. Okay. Um, so we're trying to get there. Um, and I think we've got compelling products that get our customers there. And there's that old saying, right? Like, you know, the future's here, it's just unevenly distributed. I think that's the case. But I mean, if you look at the average city, it is closer to MS DOS than it is, you know, Windows XP. Yeah. And and I'm going to say like Windows XP is what you're describing, which would be a more simplistic user interface of I should be able to go in as a detective and say, tell me everything, you know, we know about Joe. That that doesn't exist. Now, we have a product that that does that and and it's, you know, fairly well adopted. But by no means are we at 100%, you know, penetration. when I have seen like certain investigators and that could be on the federal side or sometimes on the state or local side and they're they're they're looking up databases, it's like it's like a it's like the tab world. like they have like hundreds of tabs they have to go between and it's like it's usually some it's not like the investigator who knows how to do it but there's like some specialist in the office who's just really good at like navigating all these weird tabs and databases and somehow they have the right to get into certain things but they don't have the right to get into others and I imagine and they have to like copy it into like some text file and then go back to the other tab and of course they have this tiny little machine that like with a tiny monitor so they don't even have like two windows next to each other like is Am I describing what's normal? It's spot on. I mean, I'll give you I'll give you like a really good example of like one of the breaks in the system. So, there's a a database that we subscribe to called NCIC. It's the it's kind of the FBI's database of outstanding warrants, stolen cars, missing persons, like all the things that you would find interesting. [snorts] That database, if you want to call it that, more of a CSV file, gets updated like once a day. So you got like a hu So you have a huge issue to begin with, right? Which like this is not real time. I mean that's not that's actually way better than I thought. Hold on. It gets it gets it gets it gets worse. Okay. But like there's there's no guarantee of data integrity. And so one of the bigger issues that you know I don't have a great answer for is let's say you report your car stolen. That was a rental car. So Herz calls it in and then a week later oh actually Herz found the car. Yeah. that car is going to sit as a stolen vehicle probably forever because Hertz doesn't have that incentive to call it in that it's no longer stolen. The local agency then would have to call it into the FBI and say actually we can mark it as it's not stolen. Oh, so I could be driving a rental car and like get pulled over as a stolen car or something like that and it's like legit. And it's because none of these systems talk to each other. Oh, interesting. That's annoying. So, one of the things that it's actually super annoying. Um, one of the things that we push, you know, more as like a policy or kind of like a implementation is like, hey, you got to check like three different systems before you pull someone over. Yeah. And that that's what leads to human error because like all it takes is one person, you know, to kind of skip a step and you're pulling over the wrong person. Um, and that's where I think there's a gap in kind of how data flows today amongst local to federal to state agencies. It was like someone knew that car wasn't stolen. this didn't get propagated through the system. How how do these like law enforcement agencies share data because it it it's both like there's like a a data um you know there's a data integrity problem there's there's also just a problem with joining the data of course like there's different levels of sharing so like certain people may not have access to certain types of data so like how does this and I'm so assured like you're in one database or you commit fraud against one thing and how does it all get like joined So there's yeah there's there's probably four layers of data sharing that you can talk about. The first is the default is nothing. The default is like actually nothing gets shared. And it's one of the reasons why it's so easy to be a criminal in America is because there's it's very little datadriven or technologydriven uh kind of collaboration. Let's call it level one, which has been in existence now for probably a decade, is email, which I know sounds very silly, but like it it is very popular where uh I'm working a case and I'll send out a bulletin to all nearby agencies via email. Here's a PDF about the case, right? Here's the person who's wanted. Here's all the information I have. And that's like pretty pretty good, but obviously slow. Where it's like this type of car, it's a silver Toyota. We got like a very a partial plate. we have these other types of things. There's a guy with red hair or something, you know, in the car. It's literally a PDF. The the kind of third level which is gaining up some momentum is is things like Slack or Group Me or WhatsApp where it's now introducing some level of real time to it. And so there's some very successful Slack. There's like a like a private chat group of cops in different cities that are like helping each other out and stuff. Yeah. No, like uh I think it's in in was it might have been Hartford, Connecticut. Um I think they still use Slack and and they've got a bunch of nearby agencies, officers, detectives are all in this big Slack group and there's, you know, a narcotics group, there's a nuclear crime group and like and like doing a good job. And I think the issue you run into there is like Slack wasn't built for law enforcement. So there are certain weird data retention issues like you might be sharing things that are sensitive, right? And you might be sharing things with someone who like like it might be being stored in a way that's actually not appropriate. Like so there's Slack and then there's a product that we've built called Nova which I'd say is you know a more sophisticated version of that where it is truly collaboration at a case level where I can build an investigation. I can integrate, you know, my jail record data, my criminal record data, uh, open source intelligent kind of all the data you have access to and then one click of the button, oh, I actually want to share this from San Francisco PD to Oakland. Yep. And it just gets shared and I can see the entire workstream flock manage opens it who like cuz like every once in a while you have like a investigator maybe does something bad with the data. you could see, okay, like, oh, Joe looked at the data and he wasn't supposed to or something or whatever. Yeah, there's an audit trail. And then I think where we get excited about it is it also opens up an ability for private businesses to collaborate as well. Because if you look at one of the issues that's, you know, kind of plagued Northern California and parts of the country is this organized retail crime kind of phenomena. It's one of the safest crimes to commit. And like, well, if you're a major retailer, you you don't you can't arrest anyone, right? So like how do you actually work? You have cameras, you have data, you have investigators, you have all this information and today you PDF it, put it in a zip file, whatever may be. And now with like NOVA, you can actually collaborate with private entities and local government. What? And and I assume like people have cameras too, right? Like some of them can contribute or how does that work? like how the cameras get contributed to law enforcement if you want to contribute them to law enforcement. Yeah. So, in a place like uh you know, San Francisco, we keep picking on San Francisco because they're a great partner of ours and I think they're having a bit of a uh not a bit of a they're having a really Mayor Lur is doing a great job pushing a like no crime allowed, which I think is the right approach. Obviously, I'm biased. Um so, like in San Francisco, you can literally He's been a guest on this podcast as well. Oh, no way. He's great. Um I think he's doing wonderful things. So in in in the case of of local businesses, homeowners, you can register your camera inside a flock and you can do one of two things. You can say, "Hey, I just want the city to know I have a camera and I'm like open to helping, but I want that to be a a an ad hoc relationship. I need you." You have to ask me for help. I'm not just going to if there's like a crime, then I could then decide if I want to help. Yep. And then there's a there's another layer of sharing where you're like, you know what, I just want the city to have access 247 to the camera. I don't want to have to be asked. And so you think about if you're a major retailer and you're covering a those areas that I'm walk naked in front of, by the way. Yeah. It's not it's not your home. It's literally a parking lot. And so we see that the business community tends to just provide kind of carblanc access to the cameras and private individuals say, "Hey, you know what? Why don't you just let me know if you need help and I'm happy to participate, but I kind of want to be asked. I I don't want to just have your access to my front yard at any time to local lower authorities. Yeah. Yeah, that makes sense. Where where are we like I mean, you know, the the drone stuff you're doing is super cool, right? To be able to like follow just like follow someone who does something right quickly. Like I imagine like that will help uh uh uh allow us to find a lot of criminals and and and apprehend them. Yeah. Uh where where where are we going in the drone world? Like how do we start seeing that uh um long term? Yeah. So I think the first thing I'd say is uh on the drone side, the hero story and the one that everyone jumps to is definitely let's go chase bad guys. Yeah. Um which has multiple societal benefits. Like high-speed pursuits are one of the most dangerous things that happen in a city. Yeah. Law enforcement dangerous for innocent civilians, dangerous for the criminals. like it's not good for anyone. Yeah. So like that that's a no-brainer use case which we see day in and day out. I think what I get more excited about longer term is the impact it has to fire and EMS as well. So you think about this today like one of our most successful case studies in a place like Vakavville is related to fire not crime. Yeah. Um as you know in Northern California like forest fires and fires in general are a huge problem. Imagine if you could have within 30 seconds eyes on a fire that this is actually roaring and it's it's about to get out of control versus this is this is actually a false alarm. Yeah, that'd be really helpful. So to me it's more of thinking about drones as just a camera that can fly. Yeah. And so like where would you want to and you can get there quickly too, right? If you don't have traffic or you have you know if there's tree in the road or you know there might be a lot of scenarios where it could be hard to get to there. Yeah. And so for us, we look at that and go, you know, people are expensive. People are very valuable. We should always try to use technology where we can and use humans where we think there is a need for a kind of subjective component to it. And so when I think about that use case, every 911 call, whether it's fire, EMS, or or safety, should deploy the drone first. And that's what we're seeing, you know, in places like San Francisco, places like Elkrove, Vakavville. Um, that's what we're seeing already. World of D isn't just a podcast. World of DS membership is a private [music] invite only community for founders and executives of important data and AI businesses. [music] It's a place for off thereord highrust conversations focused on the biggest questions data leaders are facing. The community is about peer learning, curated intros, and access to private events. Everyone in the group is building or leading something meaningful in data. If that sounds like [music] you, apply to join at worldofd.com. That's world da.com. there's this public perception that you know um you know of crime it's not always related to actual crime like um how are those things like how do those things move in tandem and how [clears throat] do those things like change behavior for both like the crime fighters and also the people committing crime? Yeah, there's a there's some interesting research on the topic because I think as a kind of outsider, my previous assumption was we should just dramatically increase the penalties and like these are logical people and therefore they will make a logical decision and they don't want to go to jail for 100 years. The data shows there's just no correlation between the severity of penalty and the likelihood of a crime happening. Just just to double click on that, like I used to live in San Francisco and I know in San Francisco there are many streets where one side of the street is federal and the other side is San Francisco County. And then on the southern side, one side is San Francisco and the other side is Sanonteo County. And I I've seen stats where like the cars get broken into on the San Francisco side but not on the federal side. So these are like they seem like smart criminals. Like they know better to do, right? you know, the likelihood of being held accountable and that's been the issue. So, not necessarily the penalty, just the likelihood of getting caught is the key thing, not the penalty. Yeah. And so, what you saw in San Francisco, so any punishment would have been it's really the fact that they weren't getting punished at all, not that the punishment itself needs to be more severe because whether it's a year or 5 years or 10 years, you're making a boolean decision. I'm not going to get caught, therefore I'm going to do it. Correct. I am getting caught. So you look at some of the counties and cities we work with where we've had multiple years of 100% clearance rate, which means like right there's 100% chance you're getting caught if you if you hurt someone. Yeah. And violence in those communities is down dramatically. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Makes sense. Of course. You're not going to do it there. Yeah. Um and you even saw this, I don't know, we we we we highlighted a a podcast recently where fairly famous criminal in the Bay Area was like, "He's out of the game." He's like, "It's too hard between the license plate readers, the cameras, the pros. It's just it's not working anymore. The economics do something else. He's going to go get a job. I hope like that's great. He's a capitalist chose to be a criminal instead of, you know, like you and me and build companies." But so I look at that and I'm like, "Mayor Larry's doing the right thing in San Francisco highlighting, you know, that he he had a post last night on some of the the for the ATV kind of takeover stuff and it's it's kind of what's ATV takeover? What's that?" Yeah, it's it's this new ph it's not necessarily too new, but it's it's called a street takeover where they kind of block off all four intersections and just do donuts on other ATVs or, you know, tricked out vehicles and they bring a bunch of guns and it's it's a show of bravado in in my opinion. It winds up being obviously a huge pain in the butt for citizens who want to just get from point A to point B. It also winds up being dangerous because gangs treat it as a bit of like a rivalry like who can do the most impressive takeout takedowns. Um but it's a huge annoyance and so like Mayor Larry did a good job last night. He posted well the gang is doing it. The gang gang does it. It's not like you and me calling like hey man let's go let's go do some donuts. Oh god. It's like a recruitment tool. Okay. Um and this happens in San Francisco like in Hunter Point or some place like that in San Francisco. Every single major city has this in the summers. Okay. Um, and it's a huge nuisance. And so it was pretty it was it was smart. The mayor did a press conference and said, you know, here are four ATVs we just recovered. Those people are now in jail. We also own their vehicles. So like maybe the bigger issue is not even necessarily going to jail. It's that we've stolen we've taken possession of your ATV. Um, and my guess is that he does he does that one or two more times and I think takeovers are going to go away. That would be amazing. Okay, that's awesome. And it will happen. And the cool thing is like we It's kind of simple. Like you do you do a crime, like there's a consequence. Even if the consequence isn't like you don't you don't need to have three strikes or out. Like any consequence is is key. Do you do you have kids? Yes. Okay. It's the same with kids. The whether they're in timeout for 5 minutes or 5 days doesn't matter. It's the fact that like there was a repercussion for a poor decision leads to a behavioral change over time. Um, and that's that that's to me very consistent um in in what you see in cities. Interesting. [snorts] Now, when I lived in San Francisco and my car would got broken into, I never once reported it to the police. It was just like too big of a hassle. So, do we have a sense of like the percentage of crimes that are not reported or under reportported? Yeah. Uh, it's a an alarming number is how I would describe it. And it and it is to your point like if there was a murder I would be definitely reporting it but that's not that's not consistent though. Right. Okay. So like if you look at um you know one of the more interesting things that we do is gunshot detection. And so one of the reasons why gunshot detection is such an important product for major cities is the sheer number of gun violence that goes unreported. Yeah. If I heard a gun, I probably wouldn't call the cops unless unless it was threatening me specifically or something. Exactly. And most people don't just shoot guns in the air for fun. Obviously, that is like a um you know, it's not that's a thing, but it's not that common. It's like we had a crazy case in Witchaw, Kansas, where it was, to your point, was a homicide, had gone completely unreported, and the only reason why WTO knew it happened is they have a gunshot detection. So they not only knew that it happened, they knew the exact time it happened. They knew the exact location within 50 feet and they were able to dispatch an officer within seconds. Oh wow. No one ever called 911. And so look, that's obviously one example. Yeah. But it's pretty consistent that in communities that feel like calling 911 is ineffective, like your experience in San Francisco. Yeah. The reported crime is dramatically lower than the actual crime. But it is community to community that's different. Like I think that if you lived in maybe a different city, you might call every single time your car is stolen. Um but clearly, you know, San Francisco had some work to do for you. If my car was stolen, I'd be calling but car broken into. It's like it's like do you really want to like deal with the hassle of spending like two hours filling out paper detective for insurance and you're like, "Yeah, exactly." So, you know, kind of depends on depends on what what's going on there. Yeah. Yeah. But it's it's it's a pretty significant number though. In in my anecdotal discussions, I don't have good data on this, but my anecdotal discussions with lots of people, it seems that [snorts] home breakins seem to be on the rise in America. Home invasions, people sometimes are in their home when people are coming to steal things, sometimes they're not in their home. Um, is that true? And and you know, these are, let's say, very wealthy people. Um, these are, you know, ve very wealthy homes. So, I guess people are trying to find, I don't know, um, jewelry or watches or some sort of like very fencable items or something like that. Um, is this true? Is this actually happening? So, so crime in general is going down. Yeah. But there's two things that are two for other forces that are going against that trend that make us feel less safe. So the first is just information like the flow of information is dramatically faster, right? Orders of entity faster today than it was 10 years ago. Um between social media, the internet that didn't exist, right? And so you didn't hear about things. The second thing is our expectations of safety continue to go up every single day. Yeah. And so you go to maybe the safest one of the safest cities in America. You go to a place like Athetherton, one home break in a year is enough to cause pitchforks to come out. Correct. Now, they don't have that same expectation in Memphis, but eventually Memphis I would when when I lived in San Francisco, there were home breakins that happened pretty regularly, like someone going to garage and stealing a bike or something like that. and it was often, you know, homeless guy or like some random, you know, random thieves or something. When now that I live in Northern Virginia, like I I probably have eight or nine friends that have had a home break in. Very very professional, like super super like taking out the cameras before they go in there. Um, very very like like it's almost like Mission Impossible style coming in and trying to get their stuff um there. So it does seem like the professionalism has gone up that and that is what that has definitely changed. And so there's there is a um there is a very accurate although recently politicized narrative on the sophistication of criminals and what you're describing is very accurate. I I'm good friends with a sheriff in Virginia. Maybe it's your county. Yeah. And they have a huge problem on their hands because what these organized South American gangs are doing Yeah. These are like using gangs drones. They're using illegal drones that they've removed ADSB. So the law enforcement, no one has any idea the drones are in the air. Yeah. They'll fly the drone, they'll check out your house, and then they will go hit. Yeah. And like I I could, if you wanted to, we could go down a deep rabbit hole of like these groups are very sophisticated and it is a capitalistic activity for them. Why to catch these guys? Like why is it like it just seems like I I mean I got eight or nine friends. This is not like this is not one anecdote like that have happened to I've had three on the same block that got broken into like why is this like so hard to catch. Yeah. I mean it the the shortest answer would be they have better technology. Yeah. Okay. Like they they're they're more equipped. They're better funded um than what your local police department probably has access to. I think the second one is regulatory issues. If you want to pick on the drone was an example, a a policy that we are fighting very hard to adjust is that local government has zero ability to protect the airspace. And so in an ideal world, if you talk to the sheriff, because I've talked to them about this, his big push to the federal government is like, why is it that I can use a gun on the ground, but I can't use some other type of weapon to take down a drone in the air? Yeah. Who who is expected when that drone is operating in his airspace? And I'd argue it's his airspace. Who who [clears throat] are we expecting is going to protect your house from that drone? Yeah. The FAA is currently being asked to do that. And that is clearly not their mandate. It is like taking out taking down a drone is not an easy thing to do. Like you can't like shooting a drone with a bullet very traditional traditional uh bullet. You can maybe take it down with like an electromagnetic thing or something. Yeah. Well, and and and so yeah, we look at that and we go like that's that's clearly just where regulation is blocking technology from solving a problem. And this is a good example where, you know, the bad guys don't have to follow the rules, but the good guys do. And so I've got a sheriff who's like, "Garrett, I'd happun out there and just shoot the thing, but I don't want to break the law because my job is to enforce the law, not break it." Of course, uh it's a it's a bit of a chicken and an egg there where we got we got to get the regulation to open up so we can go build technology for them. What are some other like crime statistics that aren't that are either misunderstood or kind of run against conventional wisdom? Yeah, I mean I'll give you two. one is a is a a fascinating problem in kind of the supply chain world. So you've got these uh Eastern European gangs quite sophisticated, right? And if you look at the way 3PL's work in moving products across the country from kind of getting them in a port, whether it's Oakland or or LA or Savannah, then moving them through, you have these groups that will go in and they will buy a legitimate freight forwarder, right? as a company's been around maybe for 20 years and they're going to provide a a credible multiple for this, you know, small business owner. They will then turn the company illegal and start stealing 20 foot, you know, containers of product, millions and millions of dollars of product. They'll make a couple million dollars and then just literally walk away, turn the company off, disappear. And it creates this like really weird bought the company for couple hundred thousand bucks. A couple million bucks. Okay. Yeah. Okay. Got it. You know, like they and they'll they'll they'll clean house and it creates this problem where there's an incentive misalignment where like everyone wants the problem to go away, but no one is actually either sophisticated enough or incentivized enough to solve it because everyone has insurance. Yeah. And I I think it's one of the most fascinating problems we're faced with right now because it's continuing to grow. It's causing a problem for major retailers in America, but no one has a great solution yet. So, that's like one that I find quite interesting that like we're trying to work on with I mean, this has been happening for years. Like, if you ever see the movie Donnie Brasco, one of my favorite movies, they're they're out there like basically heisting, you know, trucks all the time and stuff like that. Maybe in those cases, they have to like go with guns and take the truck or something. And this is like a silent crime. No one ever knows a crime has been committed until it's months, weeks afterwards. and the traceability of the product, you actually can't figure out where things went wrong. Yeah. Um the other one that I think is really interesting that I I I we're working on quite aggressively is so if you look like nationwide, generally speaking, you've got about a 50-50 chance getting away with murder. Um a little bit more than 50%. Yes, it's about 60% chance of getting away with murder. What? I I I thought it was really low. I thought most murders are solved. No, no. Most murders are not solved. Uh, really? It's a 40 40% clearance rate is a national average on average. I didn't know it was that low. Okay. Yeah. So, that's pretty bad, right? That's terrible. That's why flock exists. Oh my gosh. Uh, it seems unacceptable. The worst crimes. That's the number one worst crime. The number one thing I want to solve was that only crime. I want to have a 99% chance of solving is murder. Right. Should be 100% chance. Like if you kill someone, you should be held accountable. Yeah. What's just as alarming is if you don't hurt someone, you have about an 85% chance of getting away with it. So nonviolent crime has about an 85% get away with for that particular crime. Yeah. Like if I steal your car, I have an 85% chance. Assume like someone who steals a car steals a car all the time or something. And so if you have 85% chance, well then it's like 15% chance of of getting caught. Like you you you run those numbers enough like there's a high likelihood you will eventually get caught. Yeah. Yeah. I I imagine you don't commit a murder every day or something, you know. I sure hope not. That seems like a very poor way to live your life. But the the thing that that I ask is, well, why is there even a difference to begin with? Because like it it must just be effort then. And then if it's effort, the question I then ask is like to your first point, how do we get violent crime from a 40% to a 99%. Yeah. And then how do we get nonviolent crime from a 15% to a 99%. Because there really shouldn't be a delta. Well, I mean, it does make sense that there should be a delta, right? I mean, you would put I mean, you should be putting most of your resources to solve murders, to to stop murders, to stop, you know, if there's, you know, serious violent crime or, you know, other types of things that are um anything dealing with a gun or something like that, you're probably going to be more serious about you. Well, and and that's I think that I think the the thing that I think about is if one of the benefits of this AI revolution happening is we move to a world of abundance, abundance of resources, abundance of intellect, that to me seems like one of the better things that could happen for society is that actually like all crimes are treated equal. Um because typically speaking, people don't just kill someone. There's actually a progression of you commit a nonviolent crime that typically escalates to violence. Yeah. I mean, really, it does depend. Like, I know that like I know that like if you commit a fraud, right? Let's say you commit some sort of fraud and you're stealing money or something like that. I mean, if you if if you steal less than a million dollars, like the federal government is not going to be involved in looking at your fraud. They have a lot more resources, right? So, you know, you probably have to steal at least a few million before the federal government's going to get involved and maybe you have to steal a million before the state and then, you know, otherwise you're at the local or something. Um, so, you know, so it makes sense like and then you obviously the federal government just has way more resources. The quality of the people is super high. Um, you know, you if you're if you have an A USA, they're just going to be just like a baller. Um, like some of the local prosecutors are amazing, but the, you know, they just don't have the resources. they may not have the other kind of ability to to to to deal with a sophisticated case. Yeah. But no, so I mean I so I think to to your point, I just think people are genuinely always shocked at how low clearance rates are in America and how [clears throat] easy 40% is shocking to me. I had no and I'm a fairly knowledgeable person. I had no idea it was that low. And and you obviously are a data guy. You know that there's you know that there's a standard deviation there too, which means in some places it's in a team. really low. It's really bad because but I mean for it's it's so rare for a city or county to have 100% clearance rate on violent crime that I can think of only probably one place maybe two. Yeah, 100 does seem like almost an unreasonable number but like let's get in the 90s like that that seems like something that we should be able to aim for and get. But most most cities when they get into the 60s and 70s start to do a kind of you know applause tour. Yeah. Yeah. I just think it I think it should be really high. I think it should be really high. [clears throat] What now? Now there are um there is different uh places around the world have different levels of baseline surveillance. Right. London you know they're famous for the CCTV. In Dubai they have this like camera system everywhere. They've got all these different sensors. Obviously, China's kind of, you know, certain places China have this kind of more extreme surveillance model like how how do you think the Americans are going to like be okay with having a little bit more surveillance or what's what's important, what's not, how do we think about those things? Yeah. Um, well, I always would first premise that uh no one elected me the police chief of America or president. So, I will share I'll share Flock's point of view. Um there's really two ends of the spectrum that you described there. There is the Chinese and and less Dubai, but let's put China and Dubai together. Yeah. Which is like a bordering totalitarian regime, which is controlling crime with fear and censorship uh and persecution. I don't think that's going to go very well in America. Um we have this thing called the Constitution. And I would say there's China then Dubai there's a gradation right there's a gradation because Dubai there is more freedoms but but my friends who live there say look I know the government's listening to my calls like that's my that's the quid pro like I I live in safety but the government gets to listen to my calls but it's completely safe when I walk around and that's I'm I'm I'm signing up for I moved here for that trade and and if you commit a crime they can just deport you get out of whatever they want with you right you Yeah. And so like let's put that like from the very far right and to your point yeah let's go China to the far farest right the you've got you've got Dubai right before that and then if you go like all the way the other spectrum you know I won't pick on any certain countries but there are certain countries where it's clear law and order has evaporated. No they have no they have no capabilities to do anything and yeah and their GDPs are in depression their economies are dead and no one wants to live there. Yeah. I think there's like a massive gray area that I think if if Flock is successful, we allow local communities to to pick where they want to end up. You could end up Got it. And and and then people could opt into those if they choose to. And so you look you look at it and in and you know I'll pick on um certain places like there are certain cities who've chosen to not prioritize safety and that's their choice. like and I don't live there and you and you don't have to choose to live there and they're going to have more crime and then you go look at like you know what San Francisco has been doing recently and clearly Mayor Lur and and before him the prior mayor has pushed that city closer towards we want to put significant law and order in place. Yeah. And I think that's going to pay off for it. But I think what's important to me is to your earlier point, we have the benefit in this country of of local governments having a choice. Tons of experiments, right? And that's great. And I think for me, I obviously I I prioritize law and order. I think like we have rules in place as a society and we should respect those rules and we should debate them fiercely and we should elect people to write those laws and and kind of ask our police departments to enforce them. But for me, it's somewhere in the middle. Um, and I think the best case possible is at the state and local level. Those elected officials get to pick how aggressive or how unaggressive they want to be for their constituents because every city is a little different. You know, when I meet people in law enforcement, cops, uh FBI agents, other types of folks, like they are mired in paperwork. They're just constantly doing paperwork. They're constantly complaining. Uh one people I know who have been uh in these jobs for a while say the the burden has increased over time. They want to be out there fighting crime. They want to be out there solving crimes. They want to be able out there preventing crimes. um how do we change it? Like what can we do? Is there is AI can AI do the paperwork for them? And obviously these all these paperwork things that they have to do are not like terrible ideas. They're all they're all put in place for like a good reason for safety or for accountability or for other types of things. So how how do we make it so they can actually do their jobs more? Yeah. We are pushing a concept that's a little bit different than pure AI. We would call it more amplified intelligence. Yep. I think in certain parts of our economy, we just want humans completely out of it. That's makes sense. Like totally fine. I think when it comes to public safety, I think we want humans pretty involved still. I don't think we want to I think you think about the the dystopian fears of something like Minority Report isn't that they actually had a higher, you know, success rate. Instead, it was this artificial intelligence that was making decisions. It was this black box of like why does this precog believe that I'm talking to commitment a crime? It's a great movie. So, I I highly recommend like for I' I've met people recently who haven't seen Minority Report. It's an amazing movie. It's a great it's a it's a wonderful movie um and an interesting kind of uh debate on on what's better for society. But we look at that and go no artificial intelligence isn't the right answer. It's amplified intelligence where I want a human at the start of the process. That might be someone calling 911 because they're a victim of a crime. They're seeing something bad happening. I want AI or this AI intelligence to take over, build the investigation, write the report, do the busy work, but I want a human again at the end making this objective call on what's right and wrong. Um, I don't think we want to replace that part of what makes us human. And I think to your point on the the policy writing and all the the leg work, that to me is got to go away. Um, we want cops in the streets. We want cops being parts of a community. um not sitting behind a desk. That to me is not the answer. No, your your your company is, you know, in some ways both Bits and Adams. Um and you know, we've everyone talks about how much easier it is to start a Bits company in the US than an Adams company. And you're doing manufacturing in the US. You're doing all these things. You're building things in the US. walk us through what it's like to and and you kind of have to like you have to manufacture [clears throat] yours for many things because what you're doing is sensitive like you know you can't just like take the the random components from China and stuff like that. Um walk us through what it's like to being like [clears throat] set up manufacturing in the US. I mean I think it's it's easier today than so I started the company eight years ago or so. Eight years ago, it was very uphill battle particularly with investors because every investor wants to put you in a bucket and they're like, "Okay, Garrett, are you a software company?" "Well, kind of." "Are you a hardware company?" "Well, kind of." "Are you an AI company?" "Well, kind of." "Are you an operational company?" Like, "Are you a field services?" "Well, it's going to have to do it all." Yeah. Yeah. And for most investors, that's just too many weird strikes because each of those presents significant risk. like being good at software hard, being good at hardware hard, being good at manufacturing also hard, field services, you kind of the list goes down. So that was painful. I mean, we spent hundreds of millions of dollars at this point, close to a billion dollars now investing to make this business even a possibility. When I see companies like you, I mean, there's like, you know, you guys, right? There's Flock, there's Anderoll, which is very similar, right, except for a different market. um you've seen this like massive success of Flock and some others like so I imagine it's like way easier to raise money today just because people have seen that success right someone else has done it but I think we're lucky like I I I I went through YC and wound up going back to Atlanta and part of the reason why I went back to Atlanta and in Georgia in particular is it is a very pro business state. Yes. Like it is easier to build this kind of a company in Georgia than other states. Like we have policies that promote manufacturing poor engineering. There's a talent workforce that like wants to do this kind of work. Yeah. And that like there are a lot of factories. There's a lot of car manufacturers and other types of things. You look at you look at like there's a reason why Yeah. They're building in they're building in Georgia. Well, give us some other sense of just by the way I love Atlanta. It's one of my favorite cities. I think it's an incredible place. Um, give us and it's it it seems like a lot of super smart people are there. Give us a sense of like why you why you guys like why you like Atlanta? You know, I know you're from there, but why you like Atlanta so much? Yeah, I mean, if you look at the higher ed system in in Atlanta, metro Atlanta, I've got SCAD, so Savannah College of Art and Design from a design perspective. I've got Kennesaw State and Georgia State as incredible places, right? Incredible places to recruit sales talent. Yeah. Um, from Emery I can recruit great attorneys and business people. From Georgia Tech I can recruit great engineers. You've got Morehouse. You have Agnes Scott. Yeah. Like the list goes down. Georgia like not that far. You know, we don't we don't recruit. We do recruit from UG. I like to give it a hard time. Yeah. They're a little farther away. But yeah, you look at it just like incredible talent pool. Yeah. And then you combine that and obviously this doesn't benefit Flock, but benefited my prior businesses. You combine that with a surprising number of Fortune 500 companies that are headquartered in Atlanta. Yeah. And you just forget that. Like we've got Home Depot, we have UPS, we have Delta, we have Fiserve, we like we used to have TRU we have truest. By the way, it's it's the biggest it's the biggest city in the southeast, right? So I mean just like so you can recruit, you're not just recruiting from Georgia, you can recruit from Tennessee, you can recruit from Mississippi, you can recruit from Alabama, you can group from from places in Florida and group from South Carolina. Right. Well, and then you combine that with an incredibly low cost of living where you can pay someone, you know, a low six figure salary and they're going to put two kids through school. Yeah. And have a nice house. Yeah. That's safe. And it's like that's not Yeah. And a decent school district. Yeah. That's a really unique combination where you know the the benefit that it makes for a place like Flock is our retention numbers are through the roof for our employees and I obviously think we're a great place to work. Don't get me wrong, but like it's just people don't people don't job hop as much. Um they just they want to get a great career. They want to work really hard and they want to focus on building family too. Other things I like about Atlanta is um you know you mentioned universities there. The other few things I really like about Atlanta is one it's just like the airport's super connected airport. It's it's obviously the biggest airport in America. Um you can get anywhere from there. So if like you live in Austin, like you often have it's like harder to get places from Austin, right? Like a major airport. DC you can get place but like but like but like Yeah, but Austin it's just like the airport's just not as connected, right? Like you have to go to Dallas to get the connected one if you live in Austin or something, right? And then the second thing about Atlanta is um well it's good weather, right? Yeah, like it's it's maybe the one of the best weather places in America. It's just great. You can it's easy to go outside. It's it's nice place. And then and then the third is it's actually like a fun city. It's a really really really fun city. So if you're a a 28-year-old, a 25-year-old, like it's fun. It's fun to be single there. It's fun to be married there. Um there's great restaurants. Like it's it's just a good you can have a good time there. Like any any any major city it would be like at that, you know, at that kind of stage. Yeah, totally agree. Totally agree. Um, why aren't there more companies being started there? Oh man, what what it's, if I had the answer to that question, um, you know, I think the biggest issue is just the [snorts] lack of successful exits creates a kind of downward spiral. You have like Mailchimp, Countly, like you've got some good ones in Atlanta, right? Yeah. But like think when's the last what's the last company that went public in Atlanta and had a good IPO? CNN or something. Yeah. No, it goes all the way back to ISS, Internet Security Systems. Oh my gosh. That was the And that was in the late 90s, early 2000s. Okay. [laughter] And that that's the issue, right? And so you look at we've had a couple atbats and I think Mailchimp's a great company. Yeah. Yeah, but like it didn't meant 500 millionaires that had the appetite to go start a company and even if you look at us and you look at one trust and store and mail other companies and like you know none of us are public and that that I think creates a problem. Okay. Interesting. What um now you know there's all this like there's been all this like gov tech talk now all public there's all this people want to put money into public safety related things. Um where do you see the market looking like if you had to advise other companies that want to go like broad not to compete against you but just broadly get into this space like how would you be advising them? Yeah, I think that there was so you you mentioned Androl. Um T Trey is a is a good friend and an investor in Flock through Founders Fund. Yeah, he's also been a guest of World of D. Also an amazing guy. Saw that. He's a great guy. And you know the the the history on Flock, right? Our original market was not public safety. It was neighborhoods and it's still a nice part of our business. And I was contemplating going into law enforcement and Trey was like, "Don't do it." You know, we tried it at Palanteer. Yeah, it's a horrible market. And I was like, I got customers calling me want to give me money. Tell me why. And I don't know if it's like a 2 by two or probably, you know, like an axi. It's probably an axi of of sales cycle and ACV. And so you either have to have like really big ACVs if you want a big sales cycle, but if you get stuck in a quadrant of like low ACV and long sales cycle, you die. And that is generally speaking local government. Local government takes a very long time to buy. So there's like successful companies like OpenGV that have you know relatively low ACVs and super long sales cycles and they they've figured it out somehow but to but still took 14 years to to get to you know 100 million of AR. So not necessarily you know the latest kind of push for fast growth not the double not the triple triple double double stuff. Yeah. No no or even the like you know one to 10 to 100 whatever people expect these days. And so you look at that and you have to really ask yourself, do I just believe that I'm going to have outsized ACVs or am I going to have undersized sales cycles? And at Flock, we were fortunate that, you know, our sales cycles were really really fast, you know, under 90 days. And and that's the only reason I've been insane. That's insane because like most of the SAS companies I'm I'm in have like sales cycles longer than that. like why why just is just cuz it's compelling like or it's just like they have a problem or like the politician's going to get fired if they don't do something or Yeah. The the best analogy I've come up with is so as a CEO I think about two things right either generating more revenue or saving money. Yeah. When I get a pitch to save money I send it to my CFO. I'm like hey we should look into this. When I get a pitch that's like I can help drive your growth. I'm like I'm taking that demo myself. Yeah. And if I like it, I'm going to buy it on the spot because I'm measured as a CEO on the growth of my business. For a police chief, revenue growth equates to solving crime. Yeah. And so if you sell some widget that's going to save his people time, he's like, "This is really interesting. Thanks for the time." Yeah. Uh but when you show him a product that within minutes helps him solve crime, he will move mountains to buy that product. And that's what Flock does. Like we go in and we are revenue generating for a city in that regard. Because obviously like and every police chief has like they've got stats on what they have to solve and how the stats work and they got to move the stats, right? He's going to show up and think about this in the case of of you know maybe example that's closer to home for you guys. Like if there goes an unsolved murder in your town in Northern Virginia, that police chief's going to lose his job over not being able to solve that crime. But there there were companies like this in the past, you know, um Shot Spot or all these other companies that have been, you know, around, you know, for a while, um that didn't grow as fast, that had difficulties that there, you know, is it just because their product wasn't like I I assume at some point like great product too, right? You know, the product just wasn't as good. I mean, I think that the Shot Spotter product is a good example. Shot spider in itself is a product that works. It will triangulate a gunshot. It will not solve a homicide though. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. It will give you a data point. And so what we figured out is, well, if you combine gunshot detection with license rate readers and a drone, Yeah. I know the gunshot happened. I came on site in 30 seconds and I can you got to launch the drone right away to get there. So you can have eyes in the sky, right? Okay. Yeah. So So that's a different like that's a fundamentally we don't commit to knowing. Okay. Great. Like Yeah. So we we got like you hear a gunshot like you should have at least one drone maybe more in the air like as soon as possible covering that area looking for anomalies looking for things that are going on getting all the license plates in that area getting all the other people fleeing or whatever else. Yeah, that that makes complete sense. And and then we're not going and selling, hey, we we can tell you a gunshot occurred. That's not actually that interesting. We can say chief we will get you to 100% clearance rate on homicides. That's our commitment to you. you got to buy all you have to buy this whole suite of products. So that that's that's the big difference. Okay. Interesting. Couple personal questions. So I I'm I'm obsessed with people's names. Okay. Your last name is Langley, which you know, and many people equate with being a spy and law enforcement and things like that. Do you think your last name has something to do with what you're doing today? Oh man. No. So it's so it's interesting story. So it's your to your intro. I was fortunate to sell two companies before this. Yeah. And I wasn't sure if I was going to work again. And my uncle, who's kind of my closest mentor, said, 'Look, you're you're good clearly at like finding problems and building companies around it. Go build something that's not so dopey. And he kind of looked at the prior businesses I had started. And I think in his eyes, they were dopey. Kind of businesses that like they help people, but they don't really matter. Yeah. Um they disappear. No one cares. If they didn't exist, it wouldn't really change people's lives. Doesn't really matter. Yeah. And so when I start when we started Flock, Paige and Matt and I said, "Okay, we're only going to build non-dopy businesses and we looked at a bunch of ideas and Flock's just the one that kind of got product market fit first and eight years later here I am solving a lot of crime." Cuz speaking of businesses, you have like a list of startup ideas on your website. [clears throat] Some of them are a little dopey. Um and the number one is in toilets. Um like what's the vision in the toilets? Um, so toilets have not largely changed since the Roman Empire. And I'm not that guy who's going to go on a on a on a long tangent on on the Roman Empire, but largely the Ro the Romans developed what we would consider as modern toilets today where you sit down. There's there's water flowing, there's a sponge there. We've made some things better. They're less communal today than they used to be. It used to be pretty open air kind of group concept. We've made it a little bit more private, but it hasn't changed. Yeah. And I think there's a couple companies, one of those is called Throne, which I think is pretty cool. They're trying to introduce kind of a modern take on uh the the the biome is like very we don't track ourselves very well and what you excrete is actually like a really good indicator of what's going on in your body. Totally. It should you should have some sort of like that should be a really great way of like getting some data or something. So I look at that and I look at like the just the the ergonomics. There's a handful of things that are just fundamentally wrong with toilets today. Yeah. And if I had been able to convince my wife that it was a good use of my time, I probably would be in the toilet business. But yeah, I mean we have we have like the nice heated one and everything and it's definitely like definitely a pleasure like when you're there you're like I'm definitely taking longer when I'm there sitting on my phone or whatever. It's very nice. Yes. I agree. I agree. All right. Couple p more personal questions too. We ask all of our guests. What is a conspiracy theory that you believe? I think paleontology is a is a joke of a science. Uh I obviously think dinosaurs are I think dinosaurs are real. Or let me rephrase that. I think life on Earth has been around for millions of years. Yeah. But you know, I've I've got uh I've got, you know, young children in our house, my kids, and I'll read these books and I'm looking at these pictures of dinosaurs and I'm like, this is completely made up. There's no way they they knew this dinosaur had this pattern and it had feathers here and had a form. I'm like BS. This is this is a bunch of people playing science. I don't think it's it I don't I think it's just so far off uh from what it probably looked like. Okay. Yeah, I I I think that's almost certainly true. Yes. Yeah, I agree with that. Okay. Oh, debate that with a pal paleontologist and I think they would they would be quite offended, but Okay. [clears throat] All right. That's good to know. We'll have a paleontologist world of death soon. Um, a last question we ask all of our guests. What conventional wisdom or advice do you think is generally bad advice? Uh, starting companies. I mean, the number of people I see starting a company while in college, they're 18 or 19, I think it's totally ludicrous. Like, you have such a short worldview of like what problems actually matter to society. You have no experience. And I think most of those kids, but they're still kids would be way better off joining a company that's got product market fit learning to just get some like and I'm not saying college is better. I actually don't think college is particularly productive. But I I wish more 18-year-olds that were thinking about do I want to go start a company? Do I want to go to college? Would just go join a series B series C company that's still super small. Like if you join a 200 person company that is a tiny tiny company and the scale of things you're going to learn so much so fast you'll also build a better network. Like to me I don't get this big push of like everyone should go start a company. I think entrepreneurship is incredible obviously but I think there is a right time and place and I don't think it's when you're 18. I think it's when you're maybe mid 20s late 20s I think is like the ideal window to start a company. But are that many people who are 18 you know or 22 starting companies? I mean outside of IC uh yeah I mean I look at my own alma moater Georgia Tech which is like very very focused on trying to drive entrepreneurship for their students. Yeah. And I think that that's a wasted effort compared to that same energy being applied to like go join companies like go join earlier stage companies. There's no energy in my opinion at the collegiate level getting students to think about joining venturebacked companies at least in the southeast. Maybe it's different at Stanford, but in in the Southeast, like it is hard for me to compete with a Coca-Cola, which feels crazy. Yeah. Like that feels crazy to me. But those those kids who are thinking about a place like Flock and like maybe Flock two years ago, they're going to want to go and building a company because they can go raise a quart million dollars in a seed round. And I just think they'd be more successful. To your question of like how do we get better companies in Atlanta? That's probably what I'd push for. It's like go join successful companies that are ramping up and learned there first. Now, I I went to Georgia Tech two years ago. I never actually had never been there. I never been to the campus before. Obviously worked with a lot of people from Georgia Tech, but never been to the campus. The campus is awesome. Um, and what I liked about the campus, it's like kind of integrated within the city. I walked there from where I was in the city. Um, you can walk from, you know, even the the super touristy part, like from the Coca-Cola Museum, you could walk up to Georgia Tech. Um, and, uh, it's not, you know, it's not that long of a walk. Um, even even from there. Um, I I feel like it is kind of like underappreciated. Like I feel like it's not as well known. Uh, why is it so underappreciated? Uh it's a it's a good question because I think on the on an international scale we probably get more respect than on the domestic scale. Yeah. A lot I know a lot of international people that went there like that's how they ended up in the United States. They came from all over the country all over the world to get their masters there or something. Yeah. I it's a I I wish I had a great answer for you because for me at least that's the only school I applied to. Yeah. like I didn't I didn't even contemplate I was like why would I leave Atlanta when it's free to go to Georgia Tech. Um and then also you know it benefit me and my wife there too which makes it kind of I went to a Georgia Georgia Tech football game and while Georgia Tech did not win the football game it was an awesome experience like it was so fun. The stadium was great because it's it's like it's intimate and it was it was packed. I mean completely utterly packed. It it was a great it's just a really cool place to be. I agree and it's in downtown Atlanta so it's a pretty fun place to live. So yeah, exactly. This has been amazing. Thank you Langley for joining us on World of D. I'm connected with you on LinkedIn. I definitely encourage our uh listeners to engage with you there. This has been super interesting as I knew it would be and and a ton of fun. Thanks for having me. Thanks for listening. If you haven't already done so, please subscribe to World of D wherever you consume your podcast, YouTube, Apple, Spotify, and more. And please help us get discovered by leaving a review. and check out worldofd.com. That's worldofd daas.com. And of course, connect with me on Twitter, or that's a u rn. Would absolutely love to hear from you.